Chain of Responsibility in Design Pattern

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Let's begin to learn what's Chain of Responsibility Pattern.

责任链模式

Overview

顾名思义，责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。

这种模式给予请求的类型，对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。

这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。

在这种模式中，通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。

如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依此类推。

主要解决

职责链上的处理者负责处理请求，客户只需要将请求发送到职责链上即可，无须关心请求的处理细节和请求的传递，所以职责链将请求的发送者和请求的处理者解耦了。

何时使用

想在访问一个类时， 进行一些控制

应用实例

  • 击鼓传花
  • JS 中的事件冒泡

优点

  • 降低耦合度。它将请求的发送者和接收者解耦
  • 简化了对象。使得对象不需要知道链的结构
  • 增强给对象指派职责的灵活性。通过改变链内的成员或者调动它们的次序，允许动态地新增或者删除责任
  • 增加新的请求处理类很方便。

实现

Chain of Responsibility Pattern

Logger

AbstractLogger

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package individual.cy.learn.pattern.behavioral.chain4responsibility;

/**
 * @author mystic
 */
public abstract class AbstractLogger {
    public final static int DEBUG = 1;
    public final static int INFO = 2;
    public final static int WARN = 3;
    public final static int ERROR = 4;

    protected int level;

    protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;

    public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger) {
        this.nextLogger = nextLogger;
    }

    public void logMessage(int level, String message) {
        // if no ability to handle, hand up it to successor
        if (this.level == level) {
            write(message);
        } else {
            if (nextLogger != null) {
                nextLogger.logMessage(level, message);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * write log
     *
     * @param message log info
     */
    protected abstract void write(String message);

}

DebugLogger

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package individual.cy.learn.pattern.behavioral.chain4responsibility;

/**
 * @author mystic
 */
public class DebugLogger extends AbstractLogger {
    public DebugLogger() {
        this.level = AbstractLogger.DEBUG;
        setNextLogger(new InfoLogger());
    }

    @Override
    protected void write(String message) {
        System.out.println("DebugLogger.write: " + message);
    }
}

InfoLogger

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package individual.cy.learn.pattern.behavioral.chain4responsibility;

/**
 * @author mystic
 */
public class InfoLogger extends AbstractLogger {
    public InfoLogger() {
        this.level = AbstractLogger.INFO;
        setNextLogger(new WarnLogger());
    }

    @Override
    protected void write(String message) {
        System.out.println("InfoLogger.write: " + message);
    }
}

WarnLogger

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package individual.cy.learn.pattern.behavioral.chain4responsibility;

/**
 * @author mystic
 */
public class WarnLogger extends AbstractLogger {
    public WarnLogger() {
        this.level = AbstractLogger.WARN;
        setNextLogger(new ErrorLogger());
    }

    @Override
    protected void write(String message) {
        System.out.println("WarnLogger.write: " + message);
    }
}

ErrorLogger

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package individual.cy.learn.pattern.behavioral.chain4responsibility;

/**
 * @author mystic
 */
public class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger {
    public ErrorLogger() {
        this.level = AbstractLogger.ERROR;
        setNextLogger(null);
    }

    @Override
    protected void write(String message) {
        System.out.println("ErrorLogger.write: " + message);
    }
}

Tester

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package individual.cy.learn.pattern.behavioral.chain4responsibility;

/**
 * @author mystic
 */
public class Tester {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AbstractLogger debugLogger = new DebugLogger();
        System.out.println("**************************");
        debugLogger.logMessage(1, "Here is a debug message.");
        System.out.println("==========================");
        debugLogger.logMessage(2, "Here is a info message.");
        System.out.println("==========================");
        debugLogger.logMessage(3, "Here is a warn message.");
        System.out.println("==========================");
        debugLogger.logMessage(4, "Here is a error message.");
        System.out.println("==========================");
    }
}
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**************************
DebugLogger.write: Here is a debug message.
==========================
InfoLogger.write: Here is a info message.
==========================
WarnLogger.write: Here is a warn message.
==========================
ErrorLogger.write: Here is a error message.
==========================