Factory Pattern in Design Pattern

工厂模式

Overview

工厂方法模式一种创建对象的模式,它被广泛应用在JDK中以及Spring和Struts框架中。

这种类型的设计模式属于创建型模式,它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。

在工厂模式中,我们在创建对象时不会对客户端暴露创建逻辑,并且是通过使用一个共同的接口来指向新创建的对象。

通过给工厂对象传递不同参数来实现获得不同的子类。

主要解决

主要解决接口选择的问题。

我们通过工厂来替我们选择,对于不知情的人,只要传入参数,工厂会自动为我们选择一个类。

何时使用

我们明确地计划不同条件下创建不同实例时。

应用实例

  • 购买汽车,直接去工厂提货,而不需要知道汽车是怎么制造的
  • Hibernate 换数据库只需换方言和驱动就可以

优点

  • 一个调用者想创建一个对象,只要知道其名称就可以了
  • 扩展性高,如果想增加一个产品,只要扩展一个工厂类就可以
  • 屏蔽产品的具体实现,调用者只关心产品的接口

实现

Factory Pattern

Shape and Subclass

Shape interface

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public interface Shape {
/**
* draw a geometry
*/
void draw();
}

Circle

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public class Circle implements Shape {
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Circle.draw");
}
}

Rectangle

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public class Rectangle implements Shape {
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Rectangle.draw");
}
}

Square

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public class Square implements Shape {
@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Square.draw");
}
}

Factory

Solution 1

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public class ShapeFactory {
public Shape getShape(String shapeType) {
if (shapeType == null) {
return null;
}
if (shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("circle")) {
return new Circle();
} else if (shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("rectangle")) {
return new Rectangle();
} else if (shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("square")) {
return new Square();
}
return null;
}
}

Solution 2

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public enum ShapeCreator {
/**
* create Circle, Rectangle, Square
*/
CIRCLE(Circle::new), RECTANGLE(Rectangle::new), SQUARE(Square::new);

private final Supplier<Shape> shapeSupplier;

ShapeCreator(Supplier<Shape> shapeSupplier) {
this.shapeSupplier = shapeSupplier;
}

public Shape getInstance() {
return shapeSupplier.get();
}

public static Shape getShape(ShapeCreator creator) {
return creator.getInstance();
}
}

Solution 3

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public enum ShapeCreator2 {
/**
* create Circle, Rectangle, Square
*/
CIRCLE(new Circle()), RECTANGLE(new Rectangle()), SQUARE(new Square());

private final Shape shape;

ShapeCreator2(Shape shape) {
this.shape = shape;
}

public Shape getShape() {
return shape;
}
}

Tester

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package individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory;

/**
* @author mystic
*/
public class FactoryPatternTester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShapeFactory factory = new ShapeFactory();

// Acquire Circle
Shape circle = factory.getShape("circle");
circle.draw();

// Acquire Rectangle
Shape rectangle = factory.getShape("rectangle");
rectangle.draw();

// Acquire Square
Shape square = factory.getShape("square");
square.draw();

System.out.println();

ShapeCreator.CIRCLE.getInstance().draw();
ShapeCreator.RECTANGLE.getInstance().draw();
ShapeCreator.SQUARE.getInstance().draw();

System.out.println();

System.out.println(ShapeCreator.CIRCLE.getInstance());
System.out.println(ShapeCreator.CIRCLE.getInstance());
System.out.println(ShapeCreator.CIRCLE.getInstance());
// Or this usage
System.out.println(ShapeCreator.getShape(ShapeCreator.CIRCLE));
System.out.println(ShapeCreator.getShape(ShapeCreator.CIRCLE));
System.out.println(ShapeCreator.getShape(ShapeCreator.CIRCLE));

System.out.println();

System.out.println(ShapeCreator2.CIRCLE.getShape());
System.out.println(ShapeCreator2.CIRCLE.getShape());
System.out.println(ShapeCreator2.CIRCLE.getShape());

}
}

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Circle.draw
Rectangle.draw
Square.draw

Circle.draw
Rectangle.draw
Square.draw

individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@12f40c25
individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@3ada9e37
individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@5cbc508c
individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@3419866c
individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@63e31ee
individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@68fb2c38

individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@2eafffde
individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@2eafffde
individual.cy.learn.pattern.creational.factory.Circle@2eafffde

ShapeCreator创建子对象,都是不同的

ShapeCreator2子对象都是同一个